Iranian Women and the Civil Rights Movement in Iran: Feminism Interacted

After presenting a compendium of the structural and ideological gender inequalities in the Iranian society, mostly in post-revolutionary era, this article provides basic information and analysis about Iranian feminists in the civil rights movement framework. It also reviews the relationship between Iranian feminism on the one hand and democratization process and demand for vindication of civil rights of all Iranian citizens as the main issues of this movement on the other. This review will be done in three parts: the essence of Iranian feminism in post-revolutionary Iran including a sustained critique of Iranian feminism, the interactions of women activists and other activists in this movement, and the impact of Iranian feminism on the Iranian civil rights movement and vice versa

Unified Bayesian Frameworks for Multi-criteria Decision-making Problems

This paper presents Bayesian frameworks for different tasks within multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based on a probabilistic interpretation of the MCDM methods and problems. Owing to the flexibility of Bayesian models, the proposed frameworks can address several long-standing and fundamental challenges in MCDM, including group decision-making problems and criteria correlation, in a statistically elegant manner. Also, the models can accommodate different forms of uncertainty in the preferences of the decision makers (DMs), such as normal and triangular distributions as well as interval preferences. Further, a probabilistic mixture model is developed that can group the DMs into several exhaustive classes. A probabilistic ranking scheme is also designed for both criteria and alternatives, where it identifies the extent to which one criterion/alternative is more important than another based on the DM(s) preferences. The experiments validate the outcome of the proposed frameworks on several numerical examples and highlight its salient features compared to other methods

Evaluating Performance of Concrete Special Moment Resisting Frames with Different Seismic Coefficients Using Endurance Time Method

This performance-based study was conducted to investigate the effects of seismic coefficients on performance of concrete special moment frames of 5,7, and 10-storey buildings located in Tehran, Iran. The structures are designed three-dimensionally by ETABS 2016 software according to ACI-318-08. Fifteen specimens were designed with different base shears having seismic coefficients of 0.7, 0.85, 1, 1.15, and 1.30 times the proposed value of Iranian Standard 2800, (i.e. decreased by 70 and 85%, and increased by 115 and 130%). Endurance time method (ETA20in series of ET acceleration function) as well as three real earthquake records was employed to evaluate the seismic performance of the modeled structures. The performance of structures was compared by the time of the first plastic hinges formation in beams and columns, the time of entering to nonlinear region and the time of experiencing storey drift of 2% corresponding to the life safety performance level. It was observed that the results of ET records and real records were similar to each other. A procedure was proposed for finding optimum structure with lower weight using ET method through defining efficient ratio (ER) and cost ratio (CR). Based on the results of ER/CR ratio and considering the importance of collapse prevention performance level, optimum structure was a 7-storey structure with lower weight or cost whose seismic coefficient had been reduced by 70%. It was concluded that high safety can not be achieved simply by increasing the seismic coefficient of structures

Comparison of ontology alignment systems across single matching task via the McNemar's test

Ontology alignment is widely-used to find the correspondences between different ontologies in diverse fields.After discovering the alignments,several performance scores are available to evaluate them.The scores typically require the identified alignment and a reference containing the underlying actual correspondences of the given ontologies.The current trend in the alignment evaluation is to put forward a new score(e.g., precision, weighted precision, etc.)and to compare various alignments by juxtaposing the obtained scores. However,it is substantially provocative to select one measure among others for comparison.On top of that, claiming if one system has a better performance than one another cannot be substantiated solely by comparing two scalars.In this paper,we propose the statistical procedures which enable us to theoretically favor one system over one another.The McNemar's test is the statistical means by which the comparison of two ontology alignment systems over one matching task is drawn.The test applies to a 2x2 contingency table which can be constructed in two different ways based on the alignments,each of which has their own merits/pitfalls.The ways of the contingency table construction and various apposite statistics from the McNemar's test are elaborated in minute detail.In the case of having more than two alignment systems for comparison, the family-wise error rate is expected to happen. Thus, the ways of preventing such an error are also discussed.A directed graph visualizes the outcome of the McNemar's test in the presence of multiple alignment systems.From this graph, it is readily understood if one system is better than one another or if their differences are imperceptible.The proposed statistical methodologies are applied to the systems participated in the OAEI 2016 anatomy track, and also compares several well-known similarity metrics for the same matching problem

Unveiling and unraveling aggregation and dispersion fallacies in group MCDM

Priorities in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) convey the relevance preference of one criterion over another, which is usually reflected by imposing the non-negativity and unit-sum constraints. The processing of such priorities is different than other unconstrained data, but this point is often neglected by researchers, which results in fallacious statistical analysis. This article studies three prevalent fallacies in group MCDM along with solutions based on compositional data analysis to avoid misusing statistical operations. First, we use a compositional approach to aggregate the priorities of a group of DMs and show that the outcome of the compositional analysis is identical to the normalized geometric mean, meaning that the arithmetic mean should be avoided. Furthermore, a new aggregation method is developed, which is a robust surrogate for the geometric mean. We also discuss the errors in computing measures of dispersion, including standard deviation and distance functions. Discussing the fallacies in computing the standard deviation, we provide a probabilistic criteria ranking by developing proper Bayesian tests, where we calculate the extent to which a criterion is more important than another. Finally, we explain the errors in computing the distance between priorities, and a clustering algorithm is specially tailored based on proper distance metrics

Optimal Power Allocation by Imperfect Hardware Analysis in Untrusted Relaying Networks

By taking a variety of realistic hardware imperfections into consideration, we propose an optimal power allocation (OPA) strategy to maximize the instantaneous secrecy rate of a cooperative wireless network comprised of a source, a destination and an untrusted amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. We assume that either the source or the destination is equipped with a large-scale multiple antennas (LSMA) system, while the rest are equipped with a single antenna. To prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the source message, the destination sends an intended jamming noise to the relay, which is referred to as destination-based cooperative jamming (DBCJ). Given this system model, novel closed-form expressions are presented in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime for the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) and the secrecy outage probability (SOP). We further improve the secrecy performance of the system by optimizing the associated hardware design. The results reveal that by beneficially distributing the tolerable hardware imperfections across the transmission and reception radio-frequency (RF) front ends of each node, the system's secrecy rate may be improved. The engineering insight is that equally sharing the total imperfections at the relay between the transmitter and the receiver provides the best secrecy performance. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed OPA together with the most appropriate hardware design significantly increases the secrecy rate.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication

The Effects Of Direct Teaching Of Test-Taking Strategies On Iranian Efl Students’ Performance In Reading Comprehension Tests

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji kesan pengajaran strategi menduduki ujian terhadap prestasi ujian kefahaman pelajar siswazah EFL Iran. Selain itu, kajian ini meneliti sikap pelajar terhadap pengajaran strategi tersebut dalam kelas pemahaman. This study investigates the effect of teaching test-taking strategies on Iranian EFL undergraduates’ reading comprehension test performance. Besides, it probes their attitudes towards the teaching of such strategies in their reading classes

Hyperbolic Phonon-Plasmon Modes in Grounded Graphene-hBN Heterostructures for Mid-Infrared Applications

In recent years, the hybridization of hyperbolic van der Waals heterostructures with plasmonic two-dimensional nano-materials is one of the interesting research areas at THz frequencies due to the coupled features of the hybrid structure. This article investigates the propagation of tunable surface phonon-plasmon polaritons in grounded hybrid graphene-hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) heterostructures. An analytical model is presented for the proposed structure, by applying the boundary conditions for the electromagnetic components in the various regions, to derive an exact dispersion relation. The structure is simulated and the results are reported in the upper Reststrahlen band. A good agreement is seen between simulation and analytical results, which shows the high accuracy of our mathematical relations. The tunability of the heterostructures is shown by studying the effect of chemical potential on the performance of the structure. A high value of the figure of merit, i.e. FOM=190, is reported at the frequency of 48.3 THz. The presented study can open the way for the design of novel THz devices for future nano-plasmonic applications.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure